Electrostatic chuck and processing apparatus

ABSTRACT

According to one embodiment, an electrostatic chuck includes a ceramic dielectric substrate, a base plate, and a first porous part. The ceramic dielectric substrate includes first and second major surfaces. The second major surface is opposite to the first major surface. The base plate supports the ceramic dielectric substrate and includes a gas feed channel. The first porous part is provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate and is opposite to the gas feed channel. The first porous part includes a first porous region, and a first dense region denser than the first porous region. The first porous region includes first sparse portions, and a first dense portion. The first sparse portions include pores. The first dense portion has a higher than the first sparse portions. The first dense portion is positioned between the first sparse portions. The first sparse portions include a first wall part provided between the pores.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-039861, filed on Mar. 5, 2019, and No. 2020-013599, filed on Jan. 30, 2020; the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

Embodiments of the invention described herein relate to an electrostatic chuck and a processing apparatus.

BACKGROUND

A ceramic electrostatic chuck is fabricated by sandwiching an electrode between ceramic dielectric substrates made of e.g. alumina, followed by firing. Electric power for electrostatic suction is applied to the incorporated electrode. Thus, the electrostatic chuck sucks a substrate such as a silicon wafer by electrostatic force. In such an electrostatic chuck, an inert gas such as helium (He) is passed between the front surface of the ceramic dielectric substrate and the back surface of the suction target substrate to control the temperature of the suction target substrate.

For instance, the temperature increase of the substrate may be associated with processing in a device for processing a substrate such as a CVD (chemical vapor deposition) device, sputtering device, ion implantation device, and etching device. In the electrostatic chuck used in such devices, an inert gas such as He is passed between the ceramic dielectric substrate and the suction target substrate to bring the substrate into contact with the inert gas. Thus, the temperature increase of the substrate is suppressed.

In the electrostatic chuck for controlling the substrate temperature with an inert gas such as He, a hole (gas feed channel) for feeding an inert gas such as He is provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate and a base plate for supporting the ceramic dielectric substrate. The ceramic dielectric substrate is provided with a through hole communicating with the gas feed channel of the base plate. Thus, the inert gas fed from the gas feed channel of the base plate is guided through the through hole of the ceramic dielectric substrate to the back surface of the substrate.

Here, when the substrate is processed in the device, electric discharge (arc discharge) may occur from the plasma in the device toward the metallic base plate. The gas feed channel of the base plate and the through hole of the ceramic dielectric substrate may be likely to constitute a path of discharge. Thus, there is known a technique in which a porous part is provided in the gas feed channel of the base plate and the through hole of the ceramic dielectric substrate to improve resistance (such as breakdown voltage) to arc discharge. For instance, an electrostatic chuck is proposed, in which an insulative property in the gas feed channel is improved by providing a ceramic sintered porous body in the gas feed channel and using the structure and film pore of the ceramic sintered porous body as a gas flow path. An electrostatic chuck is proposed, in which a discharge prevention member made of a ceramic porous body for a process gas flow path is provided in a gas diffusion gap in order to prevent the discharge. An electrostatic chuck is proposed, in which the arc discharge is reduced by providing a dielectric insert as a porous dielectric such as alumina. A technique is proposed, in which a plurality of fine pores communicating with gas supply pores are provided by laser processing.

In such an electrostatic chuck, the arc discharge is desired to be further reduced.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view illustrating an electrostatic chuck according to the first embodiment;

FIGS. 2A to 2D are schematic views illustrating the electrostatic cuck according to the embodiment;

FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic views illustrating a porous part of the electrostatic cuck according to the embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view illustrating the porous part of the electrostatic chuck according to the embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view illustrating the porous part of the electrostatic chuck according to the embodiment;

FIGS. 6A and 6B are schematic plan views illustrating the porous part of the electrostatic chuck according to the embodiment;

FIGS. 7A and 7B are schematic views illustrating a first porous part 90 according to the other embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view illustrating the electrostatic chuck according to the embodiment;

FIGS. 9A and 9B are schematic sectional views illustrating the electrostatic chuck according to the embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view illustrating the porous part of the electrostatic chuck according to the embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a schematic sectional view illustrating a porous part according to the other embodiment;

FIGS. 12A and 12B are schematic sectional views illustrating the porous part according to the other embodiment;

FIGS. 13A to 13D are schematic sectional views illustrating the porous parts according to the other embodiment;

FIGS. 14A to 14C are schematic sectional views illustrating the porous parts according to the other embodiment;

FIGS. 15A and 15B are schematic sectional views illustrating the porous parts according to the other embodiment;

FIG. 16 is a schematic sectional view illustrating an electrostatic chuck according to the other embodiment;

FIGS. 17A and 17B are enlarged views of the region C shown in FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 is a schematic sectional view illustrating a plurality of holes according to the other embodiment;

FIGS. 19A and 19B are schematic sectional views illustrating shapes of opening portion;

FIG. 20 is a schematic sectional view illustrating the electrostatic chuck according to the other embodiment;

FIG. 21 is a schematic sectional view illustrating the electrostatic chuck according to the other embodiment;

FIG. 22 is a schematic sectional view illustrating the electrostatic chuck according to the other embodiment;

FIG. 23 is an enlarged view of the region E shown in FIG. 22;

FIG. 24 is an enlarged view of the region E shown in FIG. 22 of the other embodiment; and

FIG. 25 is a schematic view illustrating a processing apparatus according to the embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The first invention is an electrostatic chuck including: a ceramic dielectric substrate; a base plate; and a first porous part. The ceramic dielectric substrate includes a first major surface and a second major surface. A suction target is placed on the first major surface. The second major surface is opposite to the first major surface. The base plate supports the ceramic dielectric substrate and includes a gas feed channel. The first porous part is provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate and is opposite to the gas feed channel. The first porous part includes a first porous region, and a first dense region denser than the first porous region. The first porous region includes a plurality of first sparse portions, and a first dense portion. The plurality of first sparse portions includes a plurality of pores. The first dense portion has a density higher than a density of the first sparse portions. A dimension in a second direction is smaller than a dimension of the first dense region in the second direction. Each of the plurality of first sparse portions extends in a first direction from the base plate toward the ceramic dielectric substrate. The first dense portion is positioned between the plurality of first sparse portions. The first sparse portions include a first wall part provided between the plurality of pores. A minimum value of a dimension of the first wall part is smaller than a minimum value of the dimension of the first dense portion in the second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction. At least a part of an edge of an opening on the ceramic dielectric substrate side of the gas feed channel is configured to be a curve.

According to the electrostatic chuck, the first porous part includes the first sparse portions extending in the first direction and the first dense portion. This can improve a mechanical strength (rigidity) of the first porous part while ensuring an arc discharge resistance and a gas flow rate. At least a part of an edge of an opening of the gas feed channel is configured to be a curve. This can suppress electric field concentration, and further can reduce the arc discharge.

The second invention is an electrostatic chuck including: a ceramic dielectric substrate; a base plate; and a second porous part. The ceramic dielectric substrate includes a first major surface and a second major surface. A suction target is placed on the first major surface. The second major surface is opposite to the first major surface. The base plate supports the ceramic dielectric substrate and includes a gas feed channel. The second porous part is provided on the base plate and is opposite to the gas feed channel. The second porous part includes a second porous region, and a second dense region denser than the second porous region. The second porous region includes a plurality of second sparse portions, and a second dense portion. The plurality of second sparse portions includes a plurality of pores. The second dense portion has a density higher than a density of the second sparse portions. A dimension in a second direction is smaller than a dimension of the second dense region in the second direction. Each of the plurality of second sparse portions extends in a first direction from the base plate toward the ceramic dielectric substrate. The second dense portion is positioned between the plurality of second sparse portions. The second sparse portions include a second wall part provided between the plurality of pores. A minimum value of a dimension of the second wall part is smaller than a minimum value of the dimension of the second dense portion in the second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction. At least a part of an edge of an opening on the ceramic dielectric substrate side of the gas feed channel is configured to be a curve.

According to the electrostatic chuck, the second porous part includes the second sparse portions extending in the first direction and the second dense portion. This can improve a mechanical strength (rigidity) of the second porous part while ensuring an arc discharge resistance and a gas flow rate. At least a part of an edge of an opening of the gas feed channel is configured to be a curve. This can suppress electric field concentration, and further can reduce the arc discharge.

The third invention is the electrostatic chuck of the first or second invention, wherein a dimension of the plurality of pores provided in each of the plurality of first sparse portions is smaller than the dimension of the first dense portion in the second direction, and/or a dimension of the plurality of pores provided in each of the plurality of second sparse portions is smaller than the dimension of the second dense portion in the second direction.

According to the electrostatic chuck, the arc discharge can be reduced.

The fourth invention is the electrostatic chuck of one of the first to third inventions, wherein an aspect ratio of the plurality of pores provided in each of the plurality of first sparse portions, and/or an aspect ratio of the plurality of pores provided in each of the plurality of second sparse portions is 30 or more.

According to the electrostatic chuck, the arc discharge resistance can be further improved.

The fifth invention is the electrostatic chuck of one of the first to fourth inventions, wherein in the second direction, a dimension of the plurality of pores provided in each of the plurality of first sparse portions and/or a dimension of the plurality of pores provided in each of the plurality of second sparse portions is not less than 1 micrometer and not more than 20 micrometers.

According to the electrostatic chuck, pores having a pore dimension of 1 to 20 micrometers and extending in one direction can be arranged. This can realize a high resistance to the arc discharge.

The sixth invention is the electrostatic chuck of one of the first to fifth inventions, wherein as viewed along the first direction, a plurality of pores provided in the first sparse portions include a first pore positioned at a center of the first sparse portions, among the plurality of pores, a number of pores adjacent to the first pore and surrounding the first pore is 6, and/or as viewed along the first direction, a plurality of pores provided in the second sparse portions include a second pore positioned at a center of the second sparse portions, among the plurality of pores, a number of pores adjacent to the second pore and surrounding the second pore is 6.

According to the electrostatic chuck, in a plan view, a plurality of pores can be arranged with a high isotropy and a high density. This can improve the rigidity of the first porous part while ensuring the resistance to arc discharge and the gas flow rate.

The seventh invention is the electrostatic chuck of one of the first to sixth inventions, wherein the ceramic dielectric substrate includes a first hole part positioned between the first major surface and the first porous part, at least one of the ceramic dielectric substrate or the first porous part includes a second hole part positioned between the first hole part and the first porous part, and in a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction, a dimension of the second hole part is smaller than a dimension of the first porous part, and larger than a dimension of the first hole part.

According to the electrostatic chuck, the first porous part is provided at a position opposing to the gas feed channel. This can improve the resistance to arc discharge while ensuring the flow rate of the gas flowing in the first hole part. The second hole part having a predetermined dimension is provided. This can introduce most gas introduced into the first porous part with a large dimension into the first hole part with a small dimension through the second hole part. That is, the arc discharge can be reduced and the gas flow can be smoothed.

The eighth invention is the electrostatic chuck of one of the first to seventh inventions, wherein the first porous region further includes a first dense part, the first dense part having a density higher than a density of the first sparse portions and a dimension in the second direction being larger than a dimension of a dense portion in the second direction, and as projected on a plane perpendicular to the first direction, the first dense part overlaps the first hole part.

According to the electrostatic chuck, the dense part and the first hole part are configured to overlap, thus a generated current tries to flow around the dense part. For that reason, a distance (conduction path) where current flows can be made long, and thus an electron is not easy to be accelerated, and further the occurrence of arc discharge can be suppressed.

The ninth invention is the electrostatic chuck of the eighth invention, wherein as projected on the plane perpendicular to the first direction, the plurality of first sparse portions are provided around the first dense part.

According to the electrostatic chuck, the occurrence of arc discharge can be suppressed more effectively while ensuring the gas flow.

The tenth invention is the electrostatic chuck of the eighth or ninth invention, wherein a length along the first direction of the first dense part is smaller than a length along the first direction of the first porous part.

According to the electrostatic chuck, the occurrence of arc discharge can be suppressed more effectively while ensuring the gas flow.

The eleventh invention is the electrostatic chuck of one of the eighth to tenth inventions, wherein in the first direction, the sparse portions are provided between the first dense part and the base plate.

According to the electrostatic chuck, the gas flow can be smoothed while suppressing the occurrence of arc discharge. The twelfth invention is the electrostatic chuck of the eighth or ninth invention, a length along the first direction of the first dense part is substantially equal to a length along the first direction of the first porous part.

According to the electrostatic chuck, a length along the first direction of the dense part is made substantially as long as a length along the first direction of the first porous part, thus the occurrence of arc discharge can be suppressed more effectively.

The thirteenth invention is the electrostatic chuck of one of the first to twelfth inventions, wherein each of the plurality of first sparse portions extends in a direction inclined by a predetermined angle to the first direction.

According to the electrostatic chuck, each of the plurality of first sparse portions extends in the direction inclined by the predetermined angle to the first direction, thus the electron is considered to be not easy to be accelerated when the current flows in the pore provided in the first sparse portions. Thus, the occurrence of arc discharge can be effectively suppressed.

The fourteenth invention is the electrostatic chuck of the thirteenth invention, wherein the plurality of pores provided in each of the plurality of sparse portions are configured to flow a gas introduced from the gas feed channel.

According to the electrostatic chuck, the gas introduced from the gas feed channel can be introduced to the first major surface side of the ceramic dielectric substrate.

The fifteenth invention is the electrostatic chuck of the thirteenth or fourteenth invention, wherein an angle between the first direction and an extending direction of the first sparse portions is not less than 5° and not more than 30°.

According to the electrostatic chuck, the occurrence of arc discharge is easy to be suppressed.

The sixteenth invention is a processing apparatus: including one of the electrostatic chucks described above; and a supplier configured to supply a gas into a gas feed channel provided in the electrostatic chuck.

According to the processing apparatus, the arc discharge can be reduced.

Various embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings, similar components are marked with like reference numerals, and a detailed description is omitted as appropriately.

In the drawings, a direction from a base plate 50 toward a ceramic dielectric substrate 11 is taken as a Z-direction (corresponding to one example of a first direction), one of directions substantially orthogonal to the Z-direction is taken as a Y-direction (corresponding to one example of a second direction), and a direction substantially perpendicular to the Z-direction and the Y direction is taken as an X-direction (corresponding to one example of the second direction).

(Electrostatic Chuck)

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view illustrating an electrostatic chuck according to the embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 1, an electrostatic chuck 110 according to the embodiment includes the ceramic dielectric substrate 11, the base plate 50, and a porous part 90. In this example, the electrostatic chuck 110 further includes a porous part 70.

The ceramic dielectric substrate 11 is e.g. a flat plate-like base material made of sintered ceramic. For instance, the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 includes aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). For instance, the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 is formed of high-purity aluminum oxide. The concentration of aluminum oxide in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 is e.g. not less than 99 atomic percent (atomic %) and not more than 100 atomic %. Use of high-purity aluminum oxide can improve the plasma resistance of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. The ceramic dielectric substrate 11 has a first major surface 11 a on which a target W (suction target) is placed, and a second major surface 11 b on the opposite side from the first major surface 11 a. The target W is e.g. a semiconductor substrate such as a silicon wafer.

The ceramic dielectric substrate 11 is provided with an electrode 12. The electrode 12 is provided between the first major surface 11 a and the second major surface 11 b of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. The electrode 12 is formed so as to be inserted in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. A power supply 210 is electrically connected to the electrode 12 via a connection part 20 and a wiring 211. By application of a suction-holding voltage to the electrode 12 from the power supply 210, charge is generated on the first major surface 11 a side of the electrode 12 and the target W can be suction-held by electrostatic force.

The electrode 12 is shaped like a thin film along the first major surface 11 a and the second major surface 11 b of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. The electrode 12 is a suction electrode for suction-holding the target W. The electrode 12 may be of the unipolar type or the bipolar type. The electrode 12 illustrated in FIG. 1 is of the bipolar type, with electrodes 12 of two polarities provided on the same plane.

The electrode 12 is provided with a connection part 20 extending to the second major surface 11 b side of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. The connection part 20 is e.g. a via (solid type) or via hole (hollow type) in electrical continuity with the electrode 12. The connection part 20 may be a metal terminal connected by a suitable method such as brazing. The base plate 50 is a member for supporting the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. The ceramic dielectric substrate 11 is fixed on the base plate 50 with a bonding part 60 illustrated in FIG. 2A. The bonding part 60 can be e.g. a cured silicone adhesive.

The base plate 50 is e.g. metallic. The base plate 50 is e.g. divided into an upper part 50 a and a lower part 50 b made of aluminum. A communication channel 55 is provided between the upper part 50 a and the lower part 50 b. One end side of the communication channel 55 is connected to an input channel 51. The other end side of the communication channel 55 is connected to an output channel 52. The base plate 50 may include a sprayed part (not shown) on an end on the second major surface 11 b side. The sprayed part is formed by thermal spraying, for instance. The sprayed part may constitute an end surface (upper surface 50U) on the second major surface 11 b side of the base plate 50. The sprayed part is provided as necessary, and may be omitted.

The base plate 50 also serves to adjust the temperature of the electrostatic chuck 110. For instance, in the case of cooling the electrostatic chuck 110, a cooling medium is caused to flow in from the input channel 51, to pass through the communication channel 55, and to flow out from the output channel 52. This can absorb heat from the base plate 50 by the cooling medium to cool the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 attached onto the base plate 50. On the other hand, in the case of keeping warm the electrostatic chuck 110, a heat-retaining medium can be put into the communication channel 55. Alternatively, a heating element can be incorporated in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 or the base plate 50. Thus, the temperature of the base plate 50 and the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 is adjusted. This can adjust the temperature of the target W suction-held by the electrostatic chuck 110.

Dots 13 are provided as necessary on the first major surface 11 a side of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. A groove 14 is provided between the dots 13. That is, the first major surface 11 a is a protrusion-depression surface and includes a depression and a protrusion. The protrusion of the first major surface 11 a corresponds to the dot 13. The depression of the first major surface 11 a corresponds to the groove 14. For instance, the groove 14 can extend continuously in the X-Y plane. Thereby, a gas such as He or the like can be distributed over the whole first major surface 11 a. A space is formed between the back surface of the target W placed on the electrostatic chuck 110 and the first major surface 11 a including the groove 14.

The ceramic dielectric substrate 11 includes a through hole 15 connected to the groove 14. The through hole 15 is provided from the second major surface 11 b to the first major surface 11 a. That is, the through hole 15 extends in the Z-direction from the second major surface 11 b to the first major surface 11 a and penetrates through the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. The through hole 15 includes, for instance, a hole part 15 a, a hole part 15 b, a hole part 15 c, a hole part 15 d (described later in detail).

The height of the dot 13 (the depth of the groove 14), the area ratio between the dots 13 and the grooves 14, the shapes thereof and the like can be appropriately selected to control the temperature of the target W and particles attached to the target W in a desirable state.

The base plate 50 is provided with a gas feed channel 53. For instance, the gas feed channel 53 is provided so as to penetrate through the base plate 50. The gas feed channel 53 may not penetrate through the base plate 50, but may branch halfway from another gas feed channel 53 and extend to the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 side. The gas feed channel 53 may be provided at a plurality of locations in the base plate 50.

The gas feed channel 53 communicates with the through hole 15. That is, the gas (such as helium (He)) flowing into the gas feed channel 53 passes through the gas feed channel 53, and then flows into the through hole 15.

The gas flowing into the through hole 15 passes through the through hole 15, and then flows into the space provided between the target W and the first major surface 11 a including the groove 14. This can directly cool the target W with the gas.

The first porous part 90 can be provided at a position e.g. between the base plate 50 and the first major surface 11 a of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 in the Z-direction. The porous part 90 can be provided at a position opposed to the gas feed channel 53. For instance, the porous part 90 is provided in the through hole 15 of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. For instance, the first porous part 90 is inserted into the through hole 15.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic views illustrating the electrostatic chuck according to the embodiment. FIG. 2A illustrates the neighborhood of the porous part 90 and the porous part 70. FIG. 2A corresponds to an enlarged view of region A shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 2B is a plan view illustrating the porous part 90.

FIGS. 2C and 2D are schematic sectional views for illustrating the hole part 15 c and the hole part 15 d according to the other embodiment.

In order to avoid complexity, the dots 13 (see e.g. FIG. 1) are omitted in FIGS. 2A, 2C, and 2D.

In this example, the through hole 15 includes the hole part 15 a and the hole part 15 b (the first hole part). One end of the hole part 15 a is positioned on the second major surface 11 b of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11.

The ceramic dielectric substrate 11 can include the hole part 15 b positioned between the first major surface 11 a and the porous part 90 in the Z-direction. The hole part 15 b communicates with the hole part 15 a and extends to the first major surface 11 a of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. That is, one end of the hole part 15 b is positioned on the first major surface 11 a (a bottom surface 14 a of the groove 14). The hole part 15 b is positioned between the first major surface 11 a of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 and the porous part 90. The hole part 15 b is a link hole for linking the first porous part 90 and the groove 14. The diameter (length along the X-direction) of the hole part 15 b is smaller than the diameter (length along the X-direction) of the hole part 15 a. Providing a hole part 15 b having a small diameter can improve the design flexibility of the space formed between the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 and the target W (e.g. the first major surface 11 a including the groove 14). For instance, as shown in FIG. 2A, the width (length along the X-direction) of the groove 14 can be made shorter than the width (length along the X-direction) of the porous part 90. This can suppress discharge in e.g. the space formed between the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 and the target W.

The diameter of the hole part 15 b is e.g. not less than 0.05 millimeters (mm) and not more than 0.5 mm. The diameter of the hole part 15 a is e.g. not less than 1 mm and nor more than 5 mm. The hole part 15 b may communicate indirectly with the hole part 15 a. That is, a hole part 15 c (the second hole part) may be provided to connect the hole part 15 a and the hole part 15 b. As illustrated in FIG. 2A, the hole part 15 c can be provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. Alternatively, as illustrated in FIG. 2C, the hole part 15 c can be provided in the porous part 90. Alternatively, as illustrated in FIG. 2D, the hole part 15 c can be provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 and the porous part 90. That is, at least one of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 and the porous part 90 can include a hole part 15 c located between the hole part 15 b and the porous part 90. In this case, when the hole part 15 c is provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11, the strength around the hole part 15 c can be increased, and the occurrence of e.g. chipping can be suppressed around the hole part 15 c. This can suppress the occurrence of arc discharge more effectively. When the hole part 15 c is provided in the porous part 90, the hole part 15 c is easily aligned with the porous part 90. This further facilitates the compatibility between reduction of arc discharge and smoothing of the flow of gas. Each of the hole part 15 a, the hole part 15 b, and the hole part 15 c is shaped like e.g. a circular cylinder extending in the Z-direction.

In this case, in the X-direction or the Y-direction, the dimension of the hole part 15 c can be made smaller than the dimension of the porous part 90 and larger than the dimension of the hole part 15 b. In the electrostatic chuck 110 according to the embodiment, the porous part 90 is provided at a position opposed to the gas feed channel 53. This can improve resistance to arc discharge while ensuring the flow rate of the gas flowing in the hole part 15 b. The dimension in the X-direction or the Y-direction of the hole part 15 c is made larger than the dimension of the hole part 15 b. Thus, most of the gas fed into the porous part 90 having a large dimension can be fed through the hole part 15 c into the hole part 15 b having a small dimension. That is, reduction of arc discharge can be made compatible with smoothing of the flow of gas.

As described above, the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 includes at least one groove 14 opened to the first major surface 11 a and communicating with the through hole 15. The dimension of the hole part 15 c in the Z-direction can be smaller than the dimension of the groove 14 in the Z-direction. This can reduce the time taken by the gas to pass through the hole part 15 c. That is, the occurrence of arc discharge can be suppressed more effectively while smoothing the flow of gas. In the X-direction and the Y-direction, the dimension of the hole part 15 c can be larger than the dimension of the groove 14. Thus, the gas can be made easy to flow into the groove 14. This makes it possible to effectively cool the target W by the gas.

It is favorable to make an arithmetic average surface roughness Ra of a surface 15 c 1 (ceiling surface) on the first major surface 11 a side smaller than an arithmetic average surface roughness Ra of the bottom surface 14 a (a surface on the second major surface 11 b side) of the groove 14. In this way, since there is no large unevenness on the surface 15 c 1 of the hole part 15 c, the occurrence of arc discharge can be suppressed more effectively.

It is favorable to make an arithmetic average surface roughness Ra of the surface 14 a on the second major surface 11 b side on the groove 14 smaller than an arithmetic average surface roughness of the second major surface 11 b. In this way, since there is no large unevenness on the surface 14 a of the grove 14, the occurrence of arc discharge can be suppressed more effectively.

The hole part 15 c (third hole part) provided between the hole part 15 b and the hole part 15 c can be further included. In the X-direction or the Y-direction, the dimension of the hole part 15 d can be made larger than the hole part 15 b, and smaller than the hole part 15 c. Providing the hole part 15 d can make the flow of gas smooth.

As described above, a bonding part 60 can be provided between the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 and the base plate 50. In the Z-direction, the dimension of the hole part 15 c can be made smaller than the dimension of the bonding part 60. This can improve the bonding strength between the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 and the base plate 50. The dimension of the hole part 15 c in the Z-direction is made smaller than the dimension of the bonding part 60. Thus, the occurrence of arc discharge can be suppressed more effectively while smoothing the flow of gas.

In this example, the porous part 90 is provided in the hole part 15 a. Thus, the upper surface 90U of the porous part 90 is not exposed to the first major surface 11 a. That is, the upper surface 90U of the porous part 90 is located between the first major surface 11 a and the second major surface 11 b. On the other hand, the lower surface 90L of the porous part 90 is exposed to the second major surface 11 b.

Next, the porous part 90 will be described. The porous part 90 includes a plurality of sparse portions 94 and a plurality of dense portions 95 described later. FIG. 2 illustrates a case of providing the porous part 90 in the ceramic substrate 11, however as described later, the porous part 90 may be provided in the base plate 50 (for instance, FIG. 12B etc.).

The porous part 90 includes a porous region 91 one example of a first porous region, a second porous region) including a plurality of pores 96, and a dense region 93 (one example of a first dense region, a second dense region) denser than the porous region 91. The porous region 91 is configured to allow the gas flow. The gas flows inside each of the plurality of pores 96. The dense region 93 is a region having pores 96 less than the porous region 91 or a region having substantially no pore 96. The porosity (percent: %) of the dense region 93 is lower than the porosity (%) of the porous region 91. The density (gram/cubic centimeter: g/cm³) of the dense region 93 is higher than the density (g/cm³) of the porous region 91. Since the dense region 93 is dense in comparison with the porous region 91, for instance, the rigidity (mechanical strength) of the dense region 93 is higher than the rigidity of the porous region 91.

The porosity of the dense region 93 is e.g. a proportion that the volume of space (pore 96) included in the dense region 93 occupies in the total volume of the dense region 93. The porosity of the porous region 91 is e.g. a proportion that the volume of space (pore 96) included in the porous region 91 occupies in the total volume of the porous region 91. For instance, the porosity of the porous region 91 is not less than 5% and not more than 40%, favorably not less than 10% and not more than 30%, and the porosity of the dense region 93 is not less than 0% and not more than 5%.

The porous part 90 is shaped like a column (e.g. circular column). The porous region 91 is shaped like a column (e.g. circular column). The dense region 93 is in contact with the porous region 91, or is continuous with the porous region 91. As shown in FIG. 2B, as projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, the dense region 93 surrounds the outer periphery of the porous region 91. The dense region 93 is shaped like a cylinder (e.g. circular cylinder) surrounding the side surface 91 s of the porous region 91. In other words, the porous region 91 is provided so as to penetrate through the dense region 93 in the Z-direction. The gas flowing from the gas feed channel 53 into the through hole 15 passes through the plurality of pores 96 provided in the porous region 91 and is supplied to the groove 14.

The porous part 90 includes the porous region 91 as described above. This can improve resistance to arc discharge while ensuring the flow rate of the gas flowing in the through hole 15. The porous part 90 includes the dense region 93. This can improve the rigidity (mechanical strength) of the porous part 90.

When the porous part 90 is provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11, for instance, the first porous part 90 may be integrated with the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. The state in which two members are integrated refers to the state in which the two members are chemically coupled by e.g. sintering. No material (e.g. adhesive) for fixing one member to the other is provided between the two members. That is, in this example, no other member such as adhesive is provided between the porous part 90 and the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. Thus, the porous part 90 and the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 are integrated with each other.

Thus, when the first porous part 90 is fixed to the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 by integration with the ceramic dielectric substrate 11, the strength of the electrostatic chuck 110 can be improved compared with the case of fixing the porous part 90 to the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 with e.g. adhesive. For instance, there is no degradation of the electrostatic chuck due to e.g. corrosion or erosion of adhesive.

When the porous part 90 and the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 are integrated with each other, the side surface of the outer periphery of the porous part 90 may be subjected to a force from the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. On the other hand, when the porous part 90 is provided with a plurality of pores to ensure the flow rate of gas, the mechanical strength of the porous part 90 is decreased. Thus, when the porous part is integrated with the ceramic dielectric substrate 11, the porous part 90 may be broken by the force applied from the ceramic dielectric substrate to the porous part 90.

On the contrary, the porous part 90 includes the dense region 93. This can improve the rigidity (mechanical strength) of the porous part 90, and the porous part 90 can be integrated with the ceramic dielectric substrate 11.

In the embodiment, the porous part 90 does not necessarily need to be integrated with the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. For instance, as shown in FIG. 11, the porous part 90 may be attached to the ceramic dielectric substrate with adhesive.

The dense region 93 is positioned between the inner wall 15 w of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 forming the through hole 15, and the porous region 91. That is, the porous region 91 is provided inside the porous part 90. The dense region 93 is provided outside the porous part 90. This can improve the rigidity against the force applied from the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 to the porous part 90. Thus, the porous part 90 and the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 can be easily integrated with each other. For instance, a bonding member 61 (see FIG. 11) may be provided between the porous part 90 and the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. In this case, the dense region 93 can suppress that the bonding member 61 is exposed to the gas passing in the porous part 90. This can suppress degradation of the bonding member 61. The porous region 91 is provided inside the porous part 90. This can suppress that the through hole 15 of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 is occluded with the dense region 93. Thus, the flow rate of gas can be ensured.

The thickness of the dense region 93 (length L0 between the side surface 91 s of the porous region 91 and the side surface 93 s of the dense region 93) is e.g. not less than 100 μm and not more than 1000 μm.

The material of the porous part 90 is an insulative ceramic. The porous part 90 (each of the porous region 91, and the dense region 93) includes at least one of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), titanium oxide (TiO₂), and yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃). This can achieve high breakdown voltage and high rigidity of the porous part 90.

For instance, the porous part 90 is composed primarily of one of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and yttrium oxide.

In this case, the purity of aluminum oxide of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 can be made higher than the purity of aluminum oxide of the porous part 90. This can ensure the performance of the electrostatic chuck 110 such as plasma resistance, and ensure the mechanical strength of the porous part 90. As an example, a trace amount of additive is contained in the porous part 90. This facilitates sintering the porous part 90, and can control the pores and ensure the mechanical strength.

In the specification, the ceramic purity of e.g. aluminum oxide of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 can be measured by e.g. fluorescent X-ray analysis or ICP-AES method (inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry).

For instance, the material of the porous region 91, and the material of the dense region 93 are the same. However, the material of the porous region 91, and the material of the dense region 93 may be different. The composition of the material of the porous region 91, and the composition of the material of the dense region 93 may be different.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic views illustrating the first porous part of the electrostatic chuck according to the embodiment.

FIG. 3A is a plan view of the first porous part 90 as viewed along the Z-direction. FIG. 3B is a sectional view taken along Z-Y plane of the porous part 90.

As shown in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, in the porous part 90, the porous region 91 includes a plurality of sparse portions 94 (one example of a first sparse portion and a second sparse portion) and a dense portion 95 (one example of a first dense portion and a second dense portion). The porous part 90 may include a plurality of dense portions 95. Each of the plurality of sparse portions 94 includes a plurality of pores 96. The dense portion 95 is denser than the sparse portion 94. That is, the dense portion 95 is a portion including fewer pores than the sparse portion 94, or a portion including substantially no pores. The dimension of the dense portion 95 in the X-direction or the Y-direction is smaller than the dimension of the dense region 93 in the X-direction or the Y-direction. The porosity of the dense portion 95 is lower than the porosity of the sparse portion 94. Thus, the density of the dense portion 95 is higher than the density of the sparse portion 94. The porosity of the dense portion 95 may be equal to the porosity of the dense region 93. The dense portion 95 is denser than the sparse portion 94. Thus, the rigidity of the dense portion 95 is higher than the rigidity of the sparse portion 94.

The porosity of one sparse portion 94 is e.g. the proportion that the volume of the space (pores 96) included in that sparse portion 94 occupies in the total volume of that sparse portion 94. The porosity of the dense portion 95 is e.g. the proportion that the volume of the space (pores 96) included in the dense portion 95 occupies in the total volume of the dense portion 95. For instance, the porosity of the sparse portion 94 is not less than 20% and not more than 60%, and preferably not less than 30% and not more than 50%. The porosity of the dense portion 95 is not less than 0% and not more than 5%.

Each of the plurality of sparse portions 94 extends in the Z-direction. For instance, each of the plurality of sparse portions 94 is shaped like a column (e.g. circular column or polygonal column) and provided so as to penetrate through the porous region 91 in the Z-direction. The dense portion 95 is located between the plurality of sparse portions 94. The dense portion 95 is shaped like a wall partitioning between the sparse portions 94 neighboring each other. As shown in FIG. 3A, as projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, the dense portion 95 is provided so as to surround the outer periphery of each of the plurality of sparse portions 94. The dense portion 95 is continuous with the dense region 93 at the outer periphery of the porous region 91.

The number of sparse portions 94 provided in the porous region 91 is e.g. not less than 50 and not more than 1000. As shown in FIG. 3A, as projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, the plurality of sparse portions 94 have a size generally equal to each other. For instance, as projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, the plurality of sparse portions 94 are dispersed isotropically and uniformly in the porous region 91. For instance, the distance between the neighboring sparse portions 94 (i.e. the thickness of the dense portion 95) is generally constant.

For instance, as projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, the distance L11 between the side surface 93 s of the dense region 93 and the sparse portion 94 of the plurality of sparse portions 94 nearest to the side surface 93 s is not less than 100 μm and not more than 1000 μm.

Thus, by providing a plurality of sparse portions 94, and a dense portion 95 denser than the sparse portion 94 in the porous region 91, the rigidity of the porous part 90 can be improved while ensuring resistance to arc discharge and the flow rate of the gas flowing in the through hole 15 compared with the case where a plurality of pores are dispersed randomly in three dimensions in the porous region.

For instance, the increase of the porosity of the porous region 91 results in increasing the flow rate of gas, but decreasing arc discharge resistance and rigidity. In contrast, by providing the dense portion 95 in the porous region 91, which has a smaller dimension in the X-direction or the Y-direction than a dimension of the dense region 93 in the X-direction or the Y-direction, the decrease of arc discharge resistance and rigidity can be suppressed even when the porosity is increased.

For instance, as projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, suppose a minimum circle, ellipse, or polygon containing all the plurality of sparse portions 94. The inside of the circle, ellipse, or polygon can be regarded as the porous region 91. The outside of the circle, ellipse, or polygon can be regarded as the dense region 93.

As described above, the porous part 90 can include a plurality of sparse portions 94 and a dense portion 95. The plurality of sparse portions 94 include a plurality of pores 96 including a first pore 96 and a second pore 96. The dense portion 95 has a higher density than the sparse portion 94.

Each of the plurality of sparse portions 94 extends in the Z-direction. The dense portion 95 is positioned between the plurality of sparse portions 94. The sparse portion 94 includes a wall part 97 (one example of a first wall part, a second wall part) provided between the plurality of pores 96 (between the first pore 96 and the second pore 96). In the X-direction or the Y-direction, the minimum dimension of the wall part 97 can be made smaller than the minimum dimension of the dense portion 95. Thus, the first porous part 90 is provided with the sparse portions 94 and the dense portion 95 extending in the Z-direction. This can improve the mechanical strength (rigidity) of the first porous part 90 while ensuring arc discharge resistance and gas flow rate.

As illustrated in FIG. 5 described later, in the X-direction or the Y-direction, the dimension of the plurality of pores 96 provided in each of the plurality of sparse portions 94 can be made smaller than the dimension of the dense portion 95. Thus, the dimension of the plurality of pores 96 can be made sufficiently small. This can further improve resistance to arc discharge.

The aspect ratio of the plurality of pores 96 provided in each of the plurality of sparse portions 94 can be set to not less than 30 and not more than 10000. This can further improve resistance to arc discharge. More preferably, the lower limit of the aspect ratio of the plurality of pores 96 is 100 or more, and the upper limit is 1600 or less.

In the X-direction or the Y-direction, the dimension of the plurality of pores 96 provided in each of the plurality of sparse portions 94 can be set to not less than 1 micrometer and not more than 20 micrometers. Thus, the pores 96 having a pore dimension of 1-20 micrometers and extending in one direction can be arranged. This can achieve high resistance to arc discharge.

As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B described later, as projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, a pore 96 a is positioned in a central part of the sparse portion 94. Among the plurality of pores 96, the number of pores 96 b-96 g neighboring the pore 96 a and surrounding the pore 96 a can be set to 6. Thus, in a plan view, a plurality of pores 96 can be arranged with high isotropy and high density. This can improve the rigidity of the porous part 90 while ensuring arc discharge resistance and gas flow rate.

FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view illustrating the porous part 90 of the electrostatic chuck according to the embodiment.

FIG. 4 shows a part of the porous part 90 as viewed along the Z-direction, and corresponds to an enlarged view of FIG. 3A.

As projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, each of the plurality of sparse portions 94 is generally shaped like a hexagon (shaped like a generally regular hexagon). As projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, the plurality of sparse portions 94 include a sparse portion 94 a positioned at a center of the porous region 91 and six sparse portions 94 (second to seventh sparse portions 94 b-94 g) surrounding the sparse portion 94 a. The sparse portions 94 b-94 g neighbor the first sparse portion 94 a. The sparse portions 94 b-94 g are provided to be nearest to sparse portions 94 a of the plurality of sparse portions 94.

The sparse portion 94 b and the sparse portion 94 c are juxtaposed with the sparse portion 94 a in the X-direction. That is, the sparse portion 94 a is positioned between the sparse portion 94 b and the sparse portion 94 c.

The length L1 along the X-direction of the sparse portion 94 a (the diameter of the sparse portion 94 a) is longer than the length L2 along the X-direction between the sparse portion 94 a and the sparse portion 94 b, and longer than the length L3 along the X-direction between the sparse portion 94 a and the sparse portion 94 c.

Each of the length L2 and the length L3 corresponds to the thickness of the dense portion 95. That is, the length L2 is the length along the X-direction of the dense portion 95 between the sparse portion 94 a and the sparse portion 94 b. The length L3 is the length along the X-direction of the dense portion 95 between the sparse portion 94 a and the sparse portion 94 c. The length L2 and the length L3 can be generally equal. For instance, the length L2 can be not less than 0.5 times and not more than 2.0 times of the length L3.

The length L1 can be generally equal to the length L4 along the X-direction of the sparse portion 94 b (the diameter of the sparse portion 94 b). The length L1 can be generally equal to the length L5 along the X-direction of the sparse portion 94 c (the diameter of the sparse portion 94 c). For instance, each of the length L4 and the length L5 can be not less than 0.5 times and not more than 2.0 times of the length L1.

Thus, the sparse portion 94 a neighbors and is surrounded with six sparse portions 94 of the plurality of sparse portions 94. That is, as projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, in the central part of the porous region 91, the number of sparse portions 94 neighboring one sparse portion 94 is 6. Thus, in a plan view, a plurality of sparse portions 94 can be arranged with high isotropy and high density. This can improve the rigidity of the porous part 90 while ensuring arc discharge resistance and the flow rate of the gas flowing in the through hole 15. This can also suppress variation in arc discharge resistance, variation in the flow rate of the gas flowing in the through hole 15, and variation in the rigidity of the porous part 90.

The diameter of the sparse portion 94 (e.g. length L1, L4, or L5) is e.g. not less than 50 μm and not more than 500 μm. The thickness of the dense portion 95 (e.g. length L2 or L3) is e.g. not less than 10 μm and not more than 100 μm. The diameter of the sparse portion 94 is larger than the thickness of the dense portion 95. As described previously, the thickness of the dense portion 95 is thinner than the thickness of the dense region 93.

FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view illustrating the porous part of the electrostatic chuck according to the embodiment.

FIG. 5 shows a part of the porous part 90 as viewed along the Z-direction. FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the circumference of one sparse portion 94.

As shown in FIG. 5, in this example, the sparse portion 94 includes a plurality of pores 96 and a wall part 97 provided between the plurality of pores 96.

Each of the plurality of pores 96 extends in the Z-direction. Each of the plurality of pores 96 is shaped like a capillary extending in one direction (one-dimensional capillary structure), and penetrates through the sparse portion 94 in the Z-direction. The wall part 97 is shaped like a wall partitioning the pores 96 adjacent each other. As shown in FIG. 5, as projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, the wall part 97 is provided so as to surround the outer periphery of each of the plurality of pores 96. The wall part 97 is continuous with the dense portion 95 at the outer periphery of the sparse portion 94.

The number of pores 96 provided in one sparse portion 94 is e.g. not less than 50 and not more than 1000. As shown in FIG. 5, as projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, the plurality of pores 96 have a size generally equal to each other. For instance, as projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, the plurality of pores 96 are dispersed isotropically and uniformly in the sparse portion 94. For instance, the distance between the adjacent pores 96 (i.e. the thickness of the wall part 97) is generally constant.

Thus, the pores 96 extending in one direction are arranged in the sparse portion 94. This can achieve high resistance to arc discharge with small variation compared with the case where a plurality of pores are dispersed randomly in three dimensions in the sparse portion.

Here, the “capillary structure” of the plurality of pores 96 is further described.

In recent years, for the purpose of high integration of semiconductor devices, the circuit line width is growing narrower, and the circuit pitch is growing finer. The electrostatic chuck is subjected to higher power. The temperature control of the target W is desired at higher level. Against this background, it is desired to ensure sufficient gas flow rate and to control the flow rate with high accuracy while reliably suppressing arc discharge in high-power environment. The electrostatic chuck 110 according to the embodiment includes a ceramic plug (porous part 90). The ceramic plug is conventionally provided to prevent arc discharge in the helium supply port (gas feed channel 53). In the embodiment, the pore diameter (the diameter of the pore 96) of the ceramic plug is decreased to the level of e.g. several to several ten μm (the details of the diameter of the pore 96 will be described later). The diameter decreased to this level may make it difficult to control the flow rate of gas. Thus, in the invention, for instance, the shape of the pore 96 is further devised so as to lie along the Z-direction. Specifically, in the conventional art, the flow rate is ensured using a relatively large pore, and its shape is made three-dimensionally complex to achieve prevention of arc discharge. In contrast, in the invention, the dimension of the pore 96 is made finer to the level of e.g. several to several ten μm to achieve prevention of arc discharge. Conversely, its shape is simplified to ensure flow rate. That is, the invention has been conceived based on the idea totally different from the conventional art.

The shape of the sparse portion 94 is not limited to the hexagon, but may be a circle (or ellipse) or other polygons. For instance, as projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, suppose a minimum circle, ellipse, or polygon containing all the plurality of pores 96 arranged with a pitch of 10 μm or less. The inside of the circle, ellipse, or polygon can be regarded as the sparse portion 94. The outside of the circle, ellipse, or polygon can be regarded as the dense portion 95.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are schematic plan views illustrating the porous part 90 of the electrostatic chuck according to the embodiment.

FIGS. 6A and 6B show a part of the porous part 90 as viewed along the Z-direction, and are enlarged views showing the pores 96 in one sparse portion 94.

As shown in FIG. 6A, as projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, the plurality of pores 96 include a pore 96 a positioned in the central part of the sparse portion 94, and six pores 96 (pores 96 b-96 g) surrounding the pore 96 a. The pores 96 b-96 g are adjacent to the pore 96 a. The pores 96 b-96 g are pores 96 of the plurality of pores 96 nearest to the pore 96 a.

The pore 96 b and the pore 96 c are aligned with the pore 96 a in the X-direction. That is, the pore 96 a is positioned between the pore 96 b and the pore 96 c.

For instance, the length L6 along the X-direction of the pore 96 a (the diameter of the pore 96 a) is longer than the length L7 along the X-direction between the pore 96 a and the pore 96 b, and longer than the length L8 along the X-direction between the pore 96 a and the pore 96 c.

Each of the length L7 and the length L8 corresponds to the thickness of the wall part 97. That is, the length L7 is the length along the X-direction of the wall part 97 between the pore 96 a and the pore 96 b. The length L8 is the length along the X-direction of the wall part 97 between the pore 96 a and the pore 96 c. The length L7 and the length L8 can be generally equal. For instance, the length L7 can be not less than 0.5 times and not more than 2.0 times of the length L8.

The length L6 can be generally equal to the length L9 along the X-direction of the pore 96 b (the diameter of the pore 96 b). The length L6 can be generally equal to the length L10 along the X-direction of the pore 96 c (the diameter of the pore 96 c). For instance, each of the length L9 and the length L10 can be not less than 0.5 times and not more than 2.0 times of the length L6.

For instance, when the diameter of the pore is small, arc discharge resistance and rigidity are improved. On the other hand, when the diameter of the pore is large, the flow rate of gas can be increased. The diameter of the pore 96 (e.g. length L6, L9, or L10) is e.g. not less than 1 micrometer (μm) and not more than 20 μm. Thus, pores having a diameter of 1-20 micrometers and extending in one direction are arranged. This can achieve high resistance to arc discharge with small variation. More preferably, the diameter of the pore 96 is not less than 3 μm and not more than 10 μm.

Here, a method for measuring the diameter of the pore 96 is described. A scanning electron microscope (e.g. Hitachi High-Technologies, S-3000) is used to capture an image with a magnification of 1000 times or more. Commercially available image analysis software is used to calculate 100 circle-equivalent diameters for pores 96. Their average value is used as the diameter of the pore 96.

It is more preferable to suppress variation in the diameter of the plurality of pores 96. By decreasing variation in the diameter, the flow rate of the flowing gas and the breakdown voltage can be controlled more precisely. The variation in the diameter of the plurality of pores 96 can be based on the cumulative distribution of the 100 circle-equivalent diameters obtained in the above calculation of the diameter of the pore 96. Specifically, the concept of particle diameter D50 (median diameter) for the cumulative distribution 50 vol % and particle diameter D90 for the cumulative distribution 90 vol % are applied. These are generally used in granularity distribution measurement. The cumulative distribution graph for the pores 96 is produced in which the horizontal axis represents pore diameter (μm) and the vertical axis represents relative pore amount (%). This graph is used to determine the pore diameter for the cumulative distribution 50 vol % (corresponding to D50 diameter) and the pore diameter for the cumulative distribution 90 vol % (corresponding to D90 diameter). Preferably, the variation in the diameter of the plurality of pores 96 is suppressed so as to satisfy the relation D50:D90≤1:2.

The thickness of the wall part 97 (e.g. length L7 or L8) is e.g. not less than 1 μm and not more than 10 μm. The thickness of the wall part 97 is thinner than the thickness of the dense portion 95.

Thus, the first pore 96 a is adjacent and surrounded with six pores 96 of the plurality of pores 96. That is, as projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, in the central part of the sparse portion 94, the number of pores 96 neighboring one pore 96 is 6. Thus, in plan view, a plurality of pores 96 can be arranged with high isotropy and high density. This can improve the rigidity of the porous part 90 while ensuring arc discharge resistance and the flow rate of the gas flowing in the through hole 15. This can also suppress variation in arc discharge resistance, variation in the flow rate of the gas flowing in the through hole 15, and variation in the rigidity of the first porous part 90.

FIG. 6B shows another example of the arrangement of the plurality of pores 96 in the sparse portion 94. As shown in FIG. 6B, in this example, the plurality of pores 96 are arranged concentrically about the first pore 96 a. Thus, as projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, a plurality of pores can be arranged with high isotropy and high density.

Each of the lengths L0-L10 can be measured by observation using a microscope such as a scanning electron microscope.

The evaluation of porosity in the specification is described. In the description, the evaluation of porosity in the porous part 90 is taken as an example.

An image like the plan view of FIG. 3A is captured. Image analysis is used to calculate the proportion R1 of the plurality of sparse portions 94 occupied in the porous region 91. The image is captured using a scanning electron microscope (e.g. Hitachi High-Technologies, S-3000). A BSE image is captured at an acceleration voltage of 15 kV and a magnification of 30 times. For instance, the image size is 1280×960 pixels, and the image gray scale assumes 256 levels.

The proportion R1 of the plurality of sparse portions 94 occupied in the porous region 91 is calculated using image analysis software (e.g. Win-ROOF Ver. 6.5 (Mitani Corporation)).

Calculation of the proportion R1 using Win-ROOF Ver. 6.5 can be performed as follows.

The evaluation range ROI1 (see FIG. 3A) is set to the minimum circle (or ellipse) including all the sparse portions 94.

Binarization by a single threshold (e.g. 0) is performed to calculate the area S1 of the evaluation range ROI1.

Binarization by two thresholds (e.g. 0 and 136) is performed to calculate the total area S2 of the plurality of sparse portions 94 in the evaluation range ROI1. At this time, filling in the sparse portions 94 and deletion of regions having a small area regarded as noise (threshold being 0.002 or less) are performed. The two thresholds are appropriately adjusted by the brightness and contrast of the image.

The proportion R1 is calculated as the proportion of the area S2 to the area S1. That is, the proportion R1 is given by proportion R1 (%)=(area S2)/(area S1)×100.

In the embodiment, the proportion R1 of the plurality of sparse portions 94 occupied in the porous region 91 is e.g. not less than 40% and not more than 70%, and preferably not less than 50% and not more than 70%. The proportion R1 is e.g. approximately 60%.

An image like the plan view of FIG. 5 is captured. Image analysis is used to calculate the proportion R2 of the plurality of pores 96 occupied in the sparse portion 94. The proportion R2 corresponds to e.g. the porosity of the sparse portion 94. The image is captured using a scanning electron microscope (e.g. Hitachi High-Technologies, S-3000). A BSE image is captured at an acceleration voltage of 15 kV and a magnification of 600 times. For instance, the image size is 1280×960 pixels, and the image gray scale assumes 256 levels.

The proportion R2 of the plurality of pores 96 occupied in the sparse portion 94 is calculated using image analysis software (e.g. Win-ROOF Ver. 6.5 (Mitani Corporation)).

Calculation of the proportion R2 using Win-ROOF Ver. 6.5 can be performed as follows.

The evaluation range R012 (see FIG. 5) is set to a hexagon approximating the shape of the sparse portion 94. The evaluation range R012 includes all the pores 96 provided in one sparse portion 94.

Binarization by a single threshold (e.g. 0) is performed to calculate the area S3 of the evaluation range R012.

Binarization by two thresholds (e.g. 0 and 96) is performed to calculate the total area S4 of the plurality of pores 96 in the evaluation range R012. At this time, filling in the pores 96 and deletion of regions having a small area regarded as noise (threshold being 1 or less) are performed. The two thresholds are appropriately adjusted by the brightness and contrast of the image.

The proportion R2 is calculated as the proportion of the area S4 to the area S3. That is, the proportion R2 is given by proportion R2 (%)=(area S4)/(area S3)×100.

In the embodiment, the proportion R2 of the plurality of pores 96 occupied in the sparse portion 94 (the porosity of the sparse portion 94) is e.g. not less than 20% and not more than 60%, and preferably not less than 30% and not more than 50%. The proportion R2 is e.g. approximately 40%.

The porosity of the porous region 91 corresponds to e.g. the product of the proportion R1 of the plurality of sparse portions 94 occupied in the porous region 91 and the proportion R2 of the plurality of pores 96 occupied in the sparse portion 94. For instance, when the proportion R1 is 60% and the proportion R2 is 40%, the porosity of the porous region 91 can be calculated as approximately 24%.

Thus, the porous part 90 includes a porous region 91 having the porosity as described above. This can improve breakdown voltage while ensuring the flow rate of the gas flowing in the through hole 15.

Likewise, the porosity of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 and the porous part 70 can be calculated. Preferably, the magnification of the scanning electron microscope is appropriately selected within the range of several ten times to several thousand times depending on the observation target.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are schematic views illustrating an alternative porous part 90 according to the embodiment.

FIG. 7A is a plan view of the porous part 90 as viewed along the Z-direction. FIG. 7B corresponds to an enlarged view of part of FIG. 7A.

As shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, in this example, the planar shape of the sparse portion 94 is circular. Thus, the planar shape of the sparse portion 94 does not need to be hexagonal.

FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view illustrating the electrostatic chuck according to the embodiment.

FIG. 8 corresponds to an enlarged view of region B shown in FIG. 2. That is, FIG. 8 shows the neighborhood of the interface F1 between the porous part 90 (dense region 93) and the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. In this example, the material of the porous part 90 and the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 is aluminum oxide.

As shown in FIG. 8, the porous part 90 includes a first region 90 p located on the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 side in the X-direction or the Y-direction, and a second region 90 q continuous with the first region 90 p in the X-direction or the Y-direction. The first region 90 p and the second region 90 q are part of the dense region 93 of the first porous part 90.

The first region 90 p is located between the second region 90 q and the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 in the X-direction or the Y-direction. The first region 90 p is a region of approximately 40-60 μm in the X-direction or the Y-direction from the interface F1. That is, the width W1 along the X-direction or the Y-direction of the first region 90 p (the length of the first region 90 p in the direction perpendicular to the interface F1) is e.g. not less than 40 μm and not more than 60 μm.

The ceramic dielectric substrate 11 includes a first substrate region 11 p located on the porous part 90 (first region 90 p) side in the X-direction or the Y-direction, and a second substrate region 11 q continuous with the first substrate region 11 p in the X-direction or the Y-direction. The first region 90 p and the first substrate region 11 p are provided in contact with each other. The first substrate region 11 p is located between the second substrate region 11 q and the porous part 90 in the X-direction or the Y-direction. The first substrate region 11 p is a region of approximately 40-60 μm in the X-direction or the Y-direction from the interface F1. That is, the width W2 along the X-direction or the Y-direction of the first substrate region 11 p (the length of the first substrate region 11 p in the direction perpendicular to the interface F1) is e.g. not less than 40 μm and not more than 60 μm.

FIGS. 9A and 9B are schematic sectional views illustrating the electrostatic chuck according to the embodiment.

FIG. 9A is an enlarged view of part of the first region 90 p shown in FIG. 8. FIG. 9B is an enlarged view of part of the first substrate region 11 p shown in FIG. 8.

As shown in FIG. 9A, the first region 90 p includes a plurality of grains g1 (crystal grains). As shown in FIG. 9B, the first substrate region 11 p includes a plurality of grains g2 (crystal grains).

The average grain size in the first region 90 p (the average value of the diameter of the plurality of grains g1) is different from the average grain size in the first substrate region 11 p (the average value of the diameter of the plurality of grains g2).

Thus, the average grain size in the first region 90 p is different from the average grain size in the first substrate region 11 p. This can improve the coupling strength (interfacial strength) between the crystal grain of the porous part 90 and the crystal grain of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 at the interface F1. For instance, this can suppress peeling of the porous part 90 from the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 and removal of crystal grains.

The average grain size can be the average value of the circle-equivalent diameter of the crystal grain in the cross-sectional image as shown in FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B. The circle-equivalent diameter is the diameter of a circle having an area equal to the area of the target planar shape.

Preferably, the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 and the porous part 90 are integrated with each other. The porous part 90 is fixed to the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 by integration with the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. This can improve the strength of the electrostatic chuck compared with the case of fixing the porous part 90 to the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 with e.g. adhesive. For instance, this can suppress the degradation of the electrostatic chuck due to e.g. corrosion or erosion of adhesive.

In this example, the average grain size in the first substrate region 11 p is smaller than the average grain size in the first region 90 p. The small grain size in the first substrate region 11 p can improve the coupling strength between the porous part 90 and the ceramic dielectric substrate at the interface between the porous part 90 and the ceramic dielectric substrate. The small grain size in the first substrate region can increase the strength of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 and suppress the risk of e.g. cracks due to stress produced during manufacturing or processing. For instance, the average grain size in the first region 90 p is not less than 3 μm and not more than 5 μm. For instance, the average grain size in the first substrate region 11 p is not less than 0.5 μm and not more than 2 μm. The average grain size in the first substrate region 11 p is not less than 1.1 times and not more than 5 times of the average grain size in the first region 90 p.

For instance, the average grain size in the first substrate region 11 p is smaller than the average grain size in the second substrate region 11 q. In the first substrate region 11 p provided in contact with the first region 90 p, preferably, the interfacial strength with the first region 90 p is increased by interaction such as diffusion with the first region 90 p. On the other hand, in the second substrate region 11 q, preferably, the material of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 develops its intrinsic characteristics. Thus, the average grain size in the first substrate region 11 p is made smaller than the average grain size in the second substrate region 11 q. Accordingly, ensuring the interfacial strength in the first substrate region 11 p can be made compatible with the characteristics of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 in the second substrate region 11 q.

The average grain size in the first region 90 p may be smaller than the average grain size in the first substrate region 11 p. This can improve the coupling strength between the porous part 90 and the ceramic dielectric substrate at the interface between the porous part 90 and the ceramic dielectric substrate. The small grain size in the first region 90 p increases the strength of the porous part 90. This can suppress removal of grains during processing and reduce particles.

Similarly to the foregoing, the average grain size in the first region 90 p can be made smaller than the average grain size in the second substrate region 11 q. This can improve mechanical strength in the first region 90 p.

Referring again to FIG. 2A, the structure of the electrostatic chuck 110 is further described. The electrostatic chuck 110 may further include a porous part 70 (a first porous part, a second porous part) as described previously. The porous part 70 does not include the plurality of sparse portions 94 and the plurality of dense portions 95 described in FIGS. 3 to 7. In this example, the porous part 70 is provided in the base plate and disposed to oppose the gas feed channel 53. The porous part 70 can be provided between the porous part 90 and the gas feed channel 53 in the Z-direction, for instance. For instance, the porous part 70 is fitted into the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 side of the base plate 50. As illustrated in FIG. 2A, for instance, a countersink part 53 a is provided on the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 side of the base plate 50. The countersink part 53 a is provided like a cylinder. The porous part 70 is fitted into the countersink part 53 a by appropriately designing the inner diameter of the countersink part 53 a. As described later, the porous part 70 may be provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11.

In this example, the upper surface 70U of the porous part 70 is exposed to the upper surface 50U of the base plate 50. The upper surface 70U of the porous part 70 is opposed to the lower surface 90L of the porous part 90. In this example, a space SP is formed between the upper surface 70U of the porous part 70 and the lower surface 90L of the porous part 90. The first porous part can be any one of the porous part 90 and the porous part 70.

The porous part 70 includes a porous region 71 including a plurality of pores (an example of a first porous region and a second porous region) and a dense region 72 (an example of a first dense region and a second dense region) denser than the porous region 71. The porous region 71 is provided like a cylinder (e.g. circular cylinder) and fitted into the countersink part 53 a. The shape of the porous part 70 is preferably a circular cylinder, but is not limited to a circular cylinder. The porous part 70 is made of an insulative material. The material of the porous part 70 is e.g. Al₂O₃, Y₂O₃, ZrO₂, MgO, SiC, AlN, or Si₃N₄. The material of the porous part 70 may be glass such as SiO₂. The material of the porous part 70 may be e.g. Al₂O₃—TiO₂, Al₂O₃—MgO, Al₂O₃—SiO₂, Al₆O₁₃Si₂, YAG, or ZrSiO₄.

The porosity of the porous region 71 is e.g. not less than 20% and not more than 60%. The density of the porous region 71 is e.g. not less than 1.5 g/cm³ and not more than 3.0 g/cm³. The gas such as He flowing from the gas feed channel 53 passes through a plurality of pores of the porous region 71 and is fed from the through hole 15 provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 to the groove 14.

The porous region 72 includes, for instance, a portion made of a ceramic insulating film. The ceramic insulating film is provided between the porous region 71 and the gas feed channel 53. The ceramic insulating film 72 is denser than the porous region 71. The porosity of the ceramic insulating film is e.g. 10% or less. The density of the ceramic insulating film is e.g. not less than 3.0 g/cm³ and not more than 4.0 g/cm³. The ceramic insulating film is provided on the side surface of the porous part 70.

The material of the ceramic insulating film is e.g. Al₂O₃, Y₂O₃, ZrO₂, or MgO. The material of the ceramic insulating film may be e.g. Al₂O₃—TiO₂, Al₂O₃—MgO, Al₂O₃—SiO₂, Al₆O₁₃Si₂, YAG, or ZrSiO₄.

The ceramic insulating film can be formed by e.g. thermal spraying, PVD (physical vapor deposition), CVD, sol-gel method, or aerosol deposition method on the side surface of the porous part 70. The film thickness of the film thickness is e.g. not less than 0.05 mm and not more than 0.5 mm.

The porosity of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 is e.g. 1% or less. The density of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 is e.g. 4.2 g/cm³.

The porosity in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 and the porous part 70 is measured by a scanning electron microscope as described above. The density is measured based on JIS C 2141 5.4.3.

The porous part 70 is fitted in the countersink part 53 a of the gas feed channel 53. Then, the ceramic insulating film 72 is in contact with the base plate 50. That is, the porous part 70 including the porous region 71 and the dense region 73 having high insulation performance is interposed between the through hole 15 for guiding the gas such as He to the groove 14 and the metallic base plate 50. Use of such a porous part 70 can achieve higher insulation performance than in the case where only the porous region 71 is provided in the gas feed channel 53.

The plurality of pores 71 p provided in the porous part 70 are further dispersed in three dimensions than the plurality of pores 96 provided in the porous part 90. The proportion of pores penetrating in the Z-direction can be made higher in the porous part 90 than in the porous part 70. A higher breakdown voltage can be obtained by providing the porous part 70 including the plurality of pores 71 p dispersed in three dimensions. This can suppress the occurrence of arc discharge effectively while smoothing the flow of the gas. The flow of gas can be smoothed by providing the first porous part 90 having a high proportion of pores penetrating in the Z-direction. As shown in FIG. 2A, by providing the porous part 90 having a high proportion of pores penetrating in the Z-direction in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11, the occurrence of arc discharge can be more effectively suppressed, for instance, even if a plasma density is high.

The average value of the plurality of pores provided in the porous part (the second porous part, the porous part 70 in FIG. 2A) provided in the base plate 50 can be made larger than the average value of the plurality of pores provided in the porous part (the first porous part, the porous part 90 in FIG. 2A) provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. Thus, the porous part having a large pore diameter is provided on the gas feed channel 53 side. This can smooth the flow of gas. The porous part 90 having a small pore diameter is provided on the suction target side. This can suppress the occurrence of arc discharge more effectively.

In the example where the porous part 70 is provided in the base plate 50 and the porous part 90 is provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11, the average value of the diameter of the plurality of pores 71 p provided in the porous part 70 can be made larger than the average value of the diameter of the plurality of pores 96 provided in the porous part 90. Thus, the porous part 70 having a large diameter of the pore is provided. This can smooth the flow of the gas. The porous part 90 having a small diameter of the pore is provided on the suction target side. This can suppress the occurrence of arc discharge more effectively.

Variation in the diameter of the plurality of pores can be decreased. This can suppress arc discharge more effectively.

FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view illustrating the porous part 70 of the electrostatic chuck according to the embodiment.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a part of the cross section of the porous region 71.

The plurality of pores 71 p provided in the porous region 71 are dispersed in three dimensions in the X-direction, the Y-direction, and the Z-direction inside the porous region 71. In other words, the porous region 71 has a three-dimensional network structure in which the pores 71 p spread in the X-direction, the Y-direction, and the Z-direction. The plurality of pores 71 p are dispersed in the porous region 71 e.g. randomly or uniformly in the porous part 70.

The plurality of pores 71 p are dispersed in three dimensions. Thus, parts of the plurality of pores 71 p are also exposed to the surface of the porous region 71. Accordingly, fine irregularities are formed at the surface of the porous region 71. That is, the surface of the porous region 71 can be roughened. The surface roughness of the porous region 71 can facilitate forming e.g. the ceramic insulating film (the dense region 72) on the surface of the porous region 71. For instance, this improves contact between the ceramic insulating film (the dense region 72) and the porous region 71. Peeling of the ceramic insulating film (the dense region 72) can be suppressed.

The average value of the diameter of the plurality of pores 71 p provided in the porous region 71 is larger than the average value of the diameter of the plurality of pores 96 provided in the porous region 91. The diameter of the pore 71 p is e.g. not less than 10 μm and not more than 50 μm. The porous region 91 having a small pore 96 diameter can control (limit) the flow rate of the gas flowing in the through hole 15. This can suppress variation in the gas flow rate caused by the porous region 71. The diameter of the pore 71 p and the diameter of the pore 96 can be measured by a scanning electron microscope as described above.

FIG. 11 is a schematic sectional view illustrating a porous part 90 according to the other embodiment.

FIG. 11 illustrates the circumference of the porous part 90 as in FIG. 2A.

In this example, the porous part 90 is provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. The porous part 70 is provided in the base plate 50. That is, the porous part 90 is used for the first porous part. The porous part 70 is used for the second porous part. The porous part 90 may be provided in both of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 and the base plate 50.

In this example, a bonding member 61 (adhesive) is provided between the porous part 90 and the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. The porous part 90 is bonded to the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 with the bonding member 61. For instance, the bonding member 61 is provided between the side surface of the porous part 90 (the side surface 93 s of the dense region 93) and the inner wall 15 w of the through hole 15. The porous part 90 and the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 do not need to be in contact with each other.

The bonding member 61 is e.g. a silicone adhesive. The bonding member 61 is e.g. an elastic member having elasticity. The elastic modulus of the bonding member 61 is e.g. lower than the elastic modulus of the dense region 93 of the porous part 90, and lower than the elastic modulus of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11.

In the structure in which the porous part 90 and the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 are bonded by the bonding member 61, the bonding member 61 can be used as a cushioning material against the difference between the thermal contraction of the porous part 90 and the thermal contraction of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11.

FIGS. 12A and 12B are schematic sectional views illustrating the porous part 90 according to the other embodiment.

In the embodiment described above (see FIG. 2), the porous par 90 is provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11, and the porous part 70 is provided in the base plate 50.

However, in the case where the porous part 90 is used, one the porous part provided in the base plate 50 or the porous part provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 can be omitted.

For instance, in the example shown in FIG. 12A, the porous part 90 is provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11, and the gas feed channel 53 is provided in the base plate 50. This can reduce a flow path resistance of gas such as He e.g. supplied to the porous part 90.

In the example shown in FIG. 12B, the hole part 15 b is provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11, and the porous part 90 is provided in base plate 50. This can reduce a flow path resistance of gas such as He e.g. supplied to the porous part 90.

As shown in FIG. 12A, at least a part of the edge 53 b of the opening on the ceramic dielectric substrate side of the gas feed channel can be configured to be a curve. For instance, so called “R chamfer” can be made for the edge 53 b of the opening of the gas feed channel 53. In this case, the edge 53 b of the opening of the gas feed channel 53 can be configured to be a curve with a radius of about 0.2 millimeters (mm).

As described previously, the base plate 50 is formed of a metal such as aluminum. Therefore, when the edge of the opening of the gas feed channel 53 is sharp, the electric field concentration is easy to occur, and the arc discharge may easily occur.

In the embodiment, at least a part of the edge 53 b of the opening of the gas feed channel 53 is configured to be a curved. This can suppress the electric field concentration, and further can reduce the arc discharge.

FIGS. 13A to 13D are schematic sectional views illustrating porous parts 90 a, 70 a according to the other embodiment.

FIGS. 14A to 14C are schematic sectional views illustrating porous parts 90 a, 90 b according to the other embodiment.

FIG. 13A shows the example of the case where the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 is provided with the porous part 90 a modified from the dense region 93 of the porous part 90, and the base plate 50 is provided with the porous part 70 a modified from the dense region 72 of the porous part 70. FIG. 14A is the example of the case where the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 and the base plate 50 are provided with the porous part 90 a modified from the dense region 93 of the porous part 90 and the porous part 70 b modified from the dense region 72 of the porous part 70, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 13A, FIG. 13B, and FIG. 14A, in the porous part 90 s provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11, the porous region 91 further includes a dense part 92 a. That is, in the porous part 90 a, the dense part 92 a is further added to the porous part 90 described above.

As shown in FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B, the dense part 92 a can present a plate shape (for instance, disk shape). As shown in FIG. 14A, the dense part 92 a can also present a columnar shape (for instance, cylindrical shape). A material of the dense part 92 a can be, for instance, similar to a material of the dense region 93 described above. The dense part 92 a is denser than the porous region 91. The dense part 92 a may have approximately same denseness as the dense region 93. As projected on a plane (XY-lane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, the dense part 92 a overlaps the hole part 15 b. It is preferable that the porous region 91 is configured not to overlap the hole part 15 b. In such configuration, a generated current tries to flow around the dense part 92 a. For that reason, a distance (conduction path) where the current flows can be longer, and thus an electron is not easy to be accelerated, and further the arc discharge can be suppressed from occurring.

As projected on a plane (XY-lane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, it is preferable that the dimension of the dense part 92 a is the same as the dimension of the hole part 15 b, or the dimension of the dense part 92 a is larger than the dimension of the hole part 15 b. This can introduce the current which flows the interior of the hole part 15 b into the dense part 92 a. Thus, the distance (conduction path) where the current flows can be made long effectively.

In this example, as projected on a plane (XY-lane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, the porous region 91 is provided around the dense part 92 a. While improving the resistance to the arc discharge by arranging the dense part 92 a at a position opposing to the hole part 15 b, the surrounding is the porous region 91, and thus sufficient gas flow can be ensured. That is, reducing the arc discharge and smoothing the gas flow can be compatible.

As shown in FIG. 13A, the length along the Z-direction of the dense part 92 a may be smaller than the length along the Z-direction of the porous part 90 a, and as shown in FIG. 14A, may be substantially the same as the length along the Z-direction of the porous part 90 a. If the length along the Z-direction of the dense part 92 a is made longer, the occurrence of arc discharge can be suppressed more effectively. If the length along the Z-direction of the dense part 92 a is made smaller than the length along the Z-direction of the porous part 90 a, the gas flow can be smoothed.

The dense part 92 a may be configured by a dense body substantially not including pores, and if being denser than the porous region 91, the dense part 92 a may be configured to include a plurality of pores. When the dense part 92 a includes the plurality of pores, the diameter of the pores is preferably made smaller than the diameter of pores included in the porous region 91. Porosity (percent: %) of the dense part 92 a can be lower than porosity (%) of the porous region 91. Thus, density (gram/cubic centimeter: g/cm³) of the dense part 92 a can be higher than density (g/cm³) of the porous region 91. The porosity of the dense part 92 a can be, for instance, the same as the porosity of the dense region 93 described above.

Here, arc discharge often occurs by a current flows from the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 side toward the base plate 50 side in the interior of the hole part 15 b. Thus, if the dense part 92 a with low porosity is provided near the hole part 15 b, as shown in FIG. 13A and FIG. 14A, a current 200 tries to flow around the dense part 92 a. For that reason, a distance (conduction path) where a current 200 flows can be made longer, and thus an electron is not easy to be accelerated, and further the arc discharge can be suppressed from occurring.

As shown in FIG. 13A, for instance, for the porous part 70 provided in the base plate 50, the porous part 70 a including the porous region 71 further including a dense part 92 b can be used.

As shown in FIG. 14A, the porous part 90 a can be provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11, and the porous part 70 b can be also provided in the base pate 50. In the porous part 70 b, the porous region 71 further includes the dense part 92 b. That is, in the porous part 70 b, the dense part 92 b is further added to the porous part 70 described above.

That is, the dense part 92 b can also be further added to the porous part 70 or the porous part 90 provided in the base plate 50.

At least one dense part 92 b can be provided. As shown in FIG. 13C and FIG. 14B, a plurality of dense parts 92 b presenting a plate shape (for instance, disk shape) or a columnar shape (for instance, cylindrical column shape) can also be provided. As shown in FIG. 13D and FIG. 14C, the dense part 92 b presenting a ring shape (for instance, circular ring shape) or a tube shape (for instance, cylindrical shape) can also be provided. A material, density, porosity e.g. of the dense part 92 b can be the same as the dense part 92 a.

As projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, it is preferable that at least a part of the dense part (e.g. dense part 92 b) included in the porous part provided in the base plate 50 overlaps the dense part (e.g. dense part 92 a) included in the porous part provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11. In such configuration, for instance, when the current which flows around the dense part 92 a in the porous part 90 a (porous part on the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 side) flows through the porous parts 70, 90 b (the porous part on the base plate 50 side) provided with the dense part 92 b, the current does not flow in the porous regions (e.g. porous regions 71, 91) of the porous part provided on the base plate 50 side, and further tries to flow around the dense part 92 b. For that reason, the distance (conduction path) where the current flows can be made longer, and thus an electron is not easy to be accelerated, and further arc discharge can be suppressed from occurring.

FIGS. 15A and 15B are schematic sectional views illustrating the porous part according to the other embodiment.

As shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, as projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, the dense part 92 a and the dense part 92 b are configured to overlap. As projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, if a gap between the dense part 92 a and the dense part 92 b is small, a current can be suppressed from flowing between the dense part 92 a and the dense part 92 b. Thus, as long as the current can be suppressed from flowing between the dense part 92 a and the dense part 92 b, the gap can be provided between the dense part 92 a and the dense part 92 b.

In this way, the current which flows in the porous part 90 a can be suppressed from flowing in the porous part 70 a without through the dense part 92 b. Thus, the distance (conduction path) where the current flows can be made longer effectively.

As shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, as projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, it is preferable that the dense part 92 b overlap the dense region 93. As projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, the dense part 92 b may contact the dense region 93. In this way, the distance (conduction path) where the current flows can be made longer, and thus an electron is not easy to be accelerated, and further arc discharge can be suppressed from occurring.

FIG. 16 is a schematic sectional view illustrating an electrostatic chuck according to the other embodiment.

FIGS. 17A and 17B correspond to enlarged views of the region C shown in FIG. 16.

As shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B, an electrostatic chuck 110 a includes a ceramic dielectric substrate 11 c, and the base plate 50. That is, the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 c is not provided with the porous part (porous part 70 or porous part 90).

The ceramic dielectric substrate 11 c is directly provided with a plurality of holes 16. The plurality of holes 16 can be formed in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 c, for instance, by laser irradiation or ultrasonic processing e.g. In this example, one end of the plurality of holes 16 is positioned on a surface 14 a of the groove 14. Other end of the plurality of holes 16 is positioned on the second major surface 11 b of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 c. That is, the plurality of holes 16 pierces the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 c in the Z-direction.

As shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B, the base plate 50 can be provided with the porous part (e.g. porous part 70 a). The base plate 50 may be provided with the porous part 90 b. As illustrated in FIG. 12A, the base plate 50 may be provided with the gas feed channel 53 without being provided with the porous part 70 or the porous part 90.

As shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B, an upper surface 70U of the porous part 70 (or an upper surface 90U of the porous part 90) provided on the base plate 50 and the second major surface 11 b of the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 c may not contact. As before, at least a part of the edge 53 b of the opening on the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 c side of the gas feed channel 53 can be configured to be a curve.

If the plurality of holes 16 are provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 c, while ensuring the flow rate the gas supplied between a back of the target W placed on the electrostatic chuck 110 a and the first major surface 11 a including the groove 14, the resistance to arc discharge can be improved.

The length along the Z-direction of the dense part 92 b can be smaller than the length along the Z-direction of the porous parts 70 a, 90 b. The length along the Z-direction of the dense part 92 b can also be substantially the same as the length along the Z-direction of the porous parts 70 a, 90 b. If the length along the Z-direction of the dense part 92 b is made short, the gas flow can be smoothed. The length along the Z-direction of the dense part 92 b is made long, the occurrence of arc discharge can be suppressed more effectively.

As projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, at least one of the plurality of holes 16 can be configured to overlap the dense part 92 b. A material, density, porosity e.g. of the plurality of the dense parts 92 b are as described above, for instance.

As shown in FIG. 17A, the porous part 70 a including the plurality of dense parts 92 b may be provided in the base plate 50. As shown in FIG. 17B, the porous part 90 b including the plurality of dense parts 92 b may be provided in the base plate 50.

FIG. 18 is a schematic sectional view illustrating a plurality of holes 16 h according to the other embodiment.

The plurality of holes 16 h can be formed in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 c by laser irradiation or ultrasonic processing.

As shown in FIG. 18, at least one of the plurality of holes 16 h provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 c can include a first portion 16 h 1 opening to the groove 14 and a second portion 16 h 2 opening to the second major surface 11 b. In the X-direction or the Y-direction, a dimension of the first portion 16 h 1 can be smaller than a dimension of the second portion 16 h 2. In the X-direction or the Y-direction, at least one of the plurality of holes 16 h can be configured to have an opening dimension D4 on the surface 14 a side of the groove 14 smaller than an opening dimension D3 on the base plate 50 side. In FIG. 18, the holes 16 h having a stepped structure are illustrated, however the holes 16 can be configured to have a tapered structure. For instance, the opening dimension D4 can be 0.01 millimeters (mm)˜0.1 millimeters (mm) in a diameter. For instance, the opening dimension D3 can be about 0.15 millimeters (mm)˜0.2 millimeters (mm) in a diameter. If the opening dimension D4 is smaller than the opening dimension D3, the occurrence of arc discharge can be suppressed effectively.

An aspect ratio of the holes 16 h can be, for instance, 3˜60. In calculating the aspect ratio, “vertical” is taken, for instance, as a length in the Z-direction of the holes 16 h in FIG. 18, and “horizontal” is taken as an average length of a length in the X-direction of the holes 16 h in the upper surface (surface 14 a) of the holes 16 h and a length in the X-direction of the holes 16 h in the lower surface (second major surface 11 b) of the holes 16 h. The measurement of the length in the X-direction of the holes 16 h can be performed by using an optical microscopy, a digital microscope e.g. such as a laser microscopy and a factory microscopy e.g.

The opening dimension D4 can be smaller than a length L1 of the sparse portion 94 a illustrated in FIG. 4 (a length L4 of the sparse portion 94 b, a length L5 of the sparse portion 94 c).

FIGS. 19A and 19B are schematic sectional views illustrating a shape of the opening portion of the hole 16.

FIG. 19B corresponds to an enlarged view of a region D shown in FIG. 19A. In FIG. 19A, the hole 16 has not a portion with the opening dimension of D3 shown in FIG. 18. That is, the opening dimension of the hole 16 corresponds to the opening dimension D4 shown in FIG. 18.

As shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B, an edge 16 i of the opening on the first major surface 11 a side (the surface 14 a side of the groove 14) of the hole 16 can be inclined more smoothly than an edge 16 j of the opening on the second major surface 11 b side of the hole 16. In this example, in at least one of the plurality of holes 16, when an angle between the edge 16 i of the opening on the groove 14 side of the hole 16 and the surface 14 a on the second major surface 11 b side of the groove 14 is taken a, and an angle between the edge 16 j of the opening on the second major surface 11 b side of the hole 16 and the second major surface 11 b is taken as β, “α<β” is obtained. This can suppress the electric field concentration, and further the arc discharge can be reduced. In this example, the edge 16 i is configured to be a straight line. However, the edge 16 i may be configure to be a curve, and may be configured to be a straight line and a curve. When the edge 16 i and the edge 16 j are configured to be a curve, a curvature radius of the edge 16 i can be larger than a curvature radius of the edge 16 j. When the edge 16 i and the edge 16 j are configured to be a straight line and a curvature, it is sufficient that at least the relationship between the straight line portions and the relationship between the curve portions satisfies the relationship described above.

When the edge 16 i is inclined more gradually than the edge 16 j, the occurrence of chipping or the electric field concentration can be suppressed. Thus, the occurrence of arc discharge can be more effectively suppressed.

The shape of the opening portion of the hole 16 is illustrated as an example, however it is much the same for the hole 16 having a stepped structure or a tapered structure.

FIG. 20 is a schematic sectional view illustrating the electrostatic chuck according to the other embodiment.

FIG. 20 corresponds to an enlarged view of the region C shown in FIG. 16.

Each of the plurality of holes 16 illustrated in FIG. 17A extends substantially in the Z-direction. On the contrary, at least one of the plurality of holes 16 illustrated in FIG. 20 can be inclined to the Z-direction. If at least one of the plurality of holes 16 extends in a direction inclined to the Z-direction, it is considered that electrons are less likely to be accelerated in current flow in the hole 16. Thus, the occurrence of arc discharge can be more effectively suppressed. According to knowledge obtained by the inventors, if the angle θ inclined to the Z-direction is not less than 5° and not more than 30°, preferably not less than 5° and not more than 15°, the occurrence of arc discharge can be suppressed without making the diameter of the hole 16 small.

The case of the hole 16 is illustrated as an example, however it is much the same for the hole 16 h having the stepped structure or the tapered structure.

The hole 16 inclined to the Z-direction can be directly formed in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 c by laser irradiation or ultrasonic processing. Therefore, the region provided with at least one hole 16 inclined to the Z-direction includes the same material as the ceramic dielectric substrate 11.

FIG. 21 is a schematic sectional view illustrating the electrostatic chuck according to the other embodiment.

FIG. 21 corresponds to an enlarged view of the region C shown in FIG. 16.

As shown in FIG. 21, the porous region 91 of the porous part 90 b further includes the dense part 92 b. That is, the porous part 90 b further adds the dense part 92 b to the porous part 90 described above. That is, the dense part 92 b can also be further added to the porous part 60 or the porous part 90 provided in the base plate 50.

As projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, at least one of the openings on the dense part 92 b side of the plurality of holes 16 can be configured to overlap the dense part 92 b. A material, density, porosity e.g. of the plurality of dense parts 92 b are as described above, for instance.

FIG. 22 is a schematic sectional view illustrating an electrostatic chuck according to the other embodiment.

FIG. 23 corresponds to an enlarged view of the region E shown in FIG. 22.

FIG. 24 is an enlarged view showing the other embodiment of the region E shown in FIG. 22.

As shown in FIG. 22, FIG. 23, and FIG. 24, an electrostatic chuck 11 b includes a ceramic dielectric substrate 11 d, and the base plate 50. The ceramic dielectric substrate 11 d is provided with the porous part 90 b or the porous part 90 a.

The ceramic dielectric substrate 11 d is provided with the plurality of holes 16. The plurality of holes 16 can be formed in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 d, for instance, by laser irradiation or ultrasonic processing e.g. In this example, one end of the plurality of holes 16 is positioned on the surface 14 a of the groove 14. The other end of the plurality of holes 16 is positioned on a bottom surface of the hole part 15 c. That is, the plurality of holes 16 pierces the ceramic dielectric substrate 11 d in the Z-direction.

As shown in FIG. 23, as projected on a plane (XY-plane) perpendicular to the Z-direction, at least one of the plurality of holes 16 can be configured to overlap the dense part 92 b. A material, density, porosity e.g. of the dense part 92 a are as described above, for instance.

(Processing Apparatus)

FIG. 25 is a schematic view illustrating a processing apparatus 200 according to the embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 25, the processing apparatus 200 can be provided with the electrostatic chuck 110, a power supply 210, a medium supplier 220, and a supplier 230.

The power supply 210 is electrically connected to the electrode 12 provided in the electrostatic chuck 110. The power supply 210 can be, for instance, a direct current power supply. The power supply 210 applies a predetermined voltage to the electrode 12. The power supply 210 can also be provided with a switch for switching between voltage application and voltage application stop.

The medium supplier 220 is connected to the input channel 51 and the output channel 52. The medium supplier 220 can supply, for instance, liquid serving as a cooling medium or a heat insulation medium.

The medium supplier 220 includes, for instance, a storage part 221, a control valve 222, and an evacuation part 223.

The storage part 221 can be, for instance, a tank storing the liquid, or a factory pipe e.g. The storage part 221 can be provided with a cooling device or heating device for controlling the liquid temperature. The storage part 221 can also include a pump e.g. for pumping the liquid.

The control valve 222 is connected between the input channel 51 and the storage part 221. The control valve 222 can control at least one of a flow rate or a pressure of the liquid. The control valve 222 can switch liquid supply and supply stop.

The evacuation part 223 is connected to the output channel 52. The evacuation part 223 can be a tank or a drain pipe to recover the liquid evacuated from the output channel 52. The evacuation part 223 is not always necessary, and the liquid evacuated from the output channel 52 may be supplied to the storage part 221. This can circulate the cooling medium or the heat insulation medium, and thus resource saving is possible.

The supplier 230 includes a gas supplier 231 and a gas controller 232.

The gas supplier 231 can be a high pressure cylinder storing a gas such as He e.g. or a factory pipe e.g. The case where one gas supplier 231 is provided is illustrated, however a plurality of gas suppliers 231 may be provided.

The gas controller 232 is connected between the plurality of gas feed channels 53 and the gas supplier 231. The gas controller 232 can control at least one of a flow rate or a pressure of the gas. The gas controller 232 can be configured to further include function for switching gas supply and supply stop. The gas controller 232 can be, for instance, a mass flow controller or mass flow meter e.g.

As shown in FIG. 25, the gas controller 232 can be provided in a plurality. For instance, the gas controller 232 can be provided every plurality of regions of the first major surface 11 a. This can perform control of the supplied gas every plurality of regions. In this case, the gas controller 232 can be provided every plurality of gas feed channels 53. This can perform control of the gas in the plurality of regions more precisely. The case where the plurality of gas controllers 232 are provided is illustrated, however one gas controller is sufficient as long as the gas controller 232 is possible to control independently the gas supply in the plurality of gas supply systems.

Here, there is a vacuum chuck and a mechanical chuck e.g. as means for holding the target W. However, the vacuum chuck cannot be used in environment reduced from atmosphere. When the mechanical chuck is used, the target W may be damaged and particles may occur. Therefore, for instance, an electrostatic chuck is used for a processing apparatus used in a semiconductor manufacturing process e.g.

In the processing apparatus like this, a processing space is needed to be isolated from external environment. Thus, the processing apparatus 200 can further include a chamber 240. The chamber 240 can be configured to have an airtight structure possible to maintain the environment reduced from the atmosphere.

The processing apparatus 200 can include a plurality of lift pins and a drive device lifting the plurality of lift pins. When the target W is received from a transfer device or the target W is handed over to the transfer device, the lift pin is raised by the drive device and protrudes from the first major surface 11 a. When the target W received from the transfer device is placed on the first major surface 11 a, the lift pin is lowered by the drive device and is stored in the ceramic dielectric substrate 11.

The processing apparatus 200 can be provided with various devices depending on processing contents. For instance, a vacuum pump evacuating the interior of the chamber 240 can be provided. A plasma generation device generating plasma in the interior of the chamber 240 can be provided. A process gas supplier supplying the process gas into the interior of the chamber 240 can be provided. A heater heating the target W and the process gas in the interior of the chamber 2340 can also be provided. The devices provided in the processing apparatus 200 are not limited to the illustration. Well known arts can be applied to the devices provided in the processing apparatus 200, and thus detailed description will be omitted.

The embodiments of the invention have been described above. However, the invention is not limited to the above description. For instance, the electrostatic chuck 110 has been illustrated with reference to the configuration based on the Coulomb force. However, the electrostatic chuck 110 is also applicable to the configuration based on the Johnsen-Rahbek force. Those skilled in the art can appropriately modify the above embodiments, and such modifications are also encompassed within the scope of the invention as long as they include the features of the invention. Furthermore, various components in the above embodiments can be combined with each other as long as technically feasible. Such combinations are also encompassed within the scope of the invention as long as they include the features of the invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An electrostatic chuck, comprising: a ceramic dielectric substrate including a first major surface and a second major surface, a suction target being placed on the first major surface, the second major surface being opposite to the first major surface; a base plate supporting the ceramic dielectric substrate and including a gas feed channel; and a first porous part provided in the ceramic dielectric substrate and being opposite to the gas feed channel, the first porous part including a first porous region, and a first dense region denser than the first porous region, the first porous region including a plurality of first sparse portions, and a first dense portion, the plurality of first sparse portions including a plurality of pores, the first dense portion having a density higher than a density of the first sparse portions, a dimension in a second direction being smaller than a dimension of the first dense region in the second direction, each of the plurality of first sparse portions extending in a first direction from the base plate toward the ceramic dielectric substrate, the first dense portion being positioned between the plurality of first sparse portions, the first sparse portions including a first wall part provided between the plurality of pores, a minimum value of a dimension of the first wall part being smaller than a minimum value of the dimension of the first dense portion in the second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction, and at least a part of an edge of an opening on the ceramic dielectric substrate side of the gas feed channel being configured to be a curve.
 2. An electrostatic chuck, comprising: a ceramic dielectric substrate including a first major surface and a second major surface, a suction target being placed on the first major surface, the second major surface being opposite to the first major surface; a base plate supporting the ceramic dielectric substrate and including a gas feed channel; and a second porous part provided on the base plate and being opposite to the gas feed channel, the second porous part including a second porous region, and a second dense region denser than the second porous region, the second porous region including a plurality of second sparse portions, and a second dense portion, the plurality of second sparse portions including a plurality of pores, the second dense portion having a density higher than a density of the second sparse portions, a dimension in a second direction being smaller than a dimension of the second dense region in the second direction, each of the plurality of second sparse portions extending in a first direction from the base plate toward the ceramic dielectric substrate, the second dense portion being positioned between the plurality of second sparse portions, the second sparse portions including a second wall part provided between the plurality of pores, a minimum value of a dimension of the second wall part being smaller than a minimum value of the dimension of the second dense portion in the second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction, and at least a part of an edge of an opening on the ceramic dielectric substrate side of the gas feed channel being configured to be a curve.
 3. The electrostatic chuck according to claim 1, wherein a dimension of the plurality of pores provided in each of the plurality of first sparse portions is smaller than the dimension of the first dense portion in the second direction, and/or a dimension of the plurality of pores provided in each of the plurality of second sparse portions is smaller than the dimension of the second dense portion in the second direction.
 4. The electrostatic chuck according to claim 1, wherein an aspect ratio of the plurality of pores provided in each of the plurality of first sparse portions, and/or an aspect ratio of the plurality of pores provided in each of the plurality of second sparse portions is 30 or more.
 5. The electrostatic chuck according to claim 1, wherein in the second direction, a dimension of the plurality of pores provided in each of the plurality of first sparse portions and/or a dimension of the plurality of pores provided in each of the plurality of second sparse portions is not less than 1 micrometer and not more than 20 micrometers.
 6. The electrostatic chuck according to claim 1, wherein as viewed along the first direction, the plurality of pores provided in the first sparse portions include a first pore positioned at a center of the first sparse portions, among the plurality of pores, a number of pores adjacent to the first pore and surrounding the first pore is 6, and/or as viewed along the first direction, the plurality of pores provided in the second sparse portions include a second pore positioned at a center of the second sparse portions, among the plurality of pores, a number of pores adjacent to the second pore and surrounding the second pore is
 6. 7. The electrostatic chuck according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic dielectric substrate includes a first hole part positioned between the first major surface and the first porous part, at least one of the ceramic dielectric substrate or the first porous part includes a second hole part positioned between the first hole part and the first porous part, and in a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction, a dimension of the second hole part is smaller than a dimension of the first porous part, and larger than a dimension of the first hole part.
 8. The electrostatic chuck according to claim 1, wherein the first porous region further includes a first dense part, the first dense part having a density higher than a density of the first sparse portions and a dimension in the second direction being larger than a dimension of a dense portion in the second direction, and as projected on a plane perpendicular to the first direction, the first dense part overlaps the first hole part.
 9. The electrostatic chuck according to claim 8, wherein as projected on the plane perpendicular to the first direction, the plurality of first sparse portions are provided around the first dense part.
 10. The electrostatic chuck according to claim 8, wherein a length along the first direction of the first dense part is smaller than a length along the first direction of the first porous part.
 11. The electrostatic chuck according to claim 8, wherein in the first direction, the sparse portions are provided between the first dense part and the base plate.
 12. The electrostatic chuck according to claim 8, wherein a length along the first direction of the first dense part is substantially equal to a length along the first direction of the first porous part.
 13. The electrostatic chuck according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of first sparse portions extends in a direction inclined by a predetermined angle to the first direction.
 14. The electrostatic chuck according to claim 13, wherein the plurality of pores provided in each of the plurality of sparse portions are configured to flow a gas introduced from the gas feed channel.
 15. The electrostatic chuck according to claim 13, wherein an angle between the first direction and an extending direction of the first sparse portions is not less than 5° and not more than 30°.
 16. A processing apparatus, comprising: the electrostatic chuck according to claim 1; and a supplier configured to supply a gas in a gas feed channel provided in the electrostatic chuck.
 17. A processing apparatus, comprising: the electrostatic chuck according to claim 2; and a supplier configured to supply a gas in a gas feed channel provided in the electrostatic chuck. 